경기도 청소년 교통비 지원
2021년 상반기 코로나19 상황 속에서도 꾸준히 증가하던 버스 이용률이 하반기 들어 주춤해졌다. 수도권 사회적 거리두기 4단계 격상 이후 이동량이 감소하면서 대중교통 이용객수 또한 급감했기 때문이다. 하지만 이러한 감소세와는 별개로 올해 7월까지의 도내 시내버스 이용자 수는 전년 동기 대비 3%가량 증가하였다. 지난해 같은 기간보다 일평균 10만 명 가량 늘어난 수치다. 도 관계자는 “코로나19 장기화로 인한 피로감 누적 및 백신 접종 확대 효과로 인해 일상생활로의 복귀 움직임이 조금씩 나타나고 있는 것으로 보인다”고 말했다. 이렇듯 여전히 우리 삶 곳곳에 영향을 미치고 있는 대중교통이지만 한편으로는 적지 않은 부담으로도 작용하고 있다. 출퇴근길 만원 버스나 지하철 안에서의 혼잡함 또는 비좁은 좌석 간격 등 매일같이 겪어야 하는 불편함뿐만 아니라 높은 물가 탓에 나날이 늘어가는 가계지출 비용 가운데서도 큰 비중을 차지하기 때문이다. 따라서 정부에서는 서민들의 경제적 부담을 덜어주고자 ‘경기도 청소년 교통비 지원사업’을 실시하고 있다. 해당 사업은 연간 12만원 한도 내에서 실사용액 전액을 지역화폐로 환급해주는 방식으로 진행된다. 신청 대상은 주민등록상 주소지가 경기도인 만 13세~23세 청소년이며 반드시 본인 명의의 교통카드를 발급받아 사용해야 한다. 단, 선불카드는 2020년 11월 17일 이후 발급된 경우에만 인정되며 후불카드는 접수 시점 기준 모든 카드사 합산하여 연체금액이 없어야 한다. 만약 분실하거나 재발급 받을 경우 기존 카드는 해지 처리 후 신규 카드를 등록해야 정상적으로 혜택을 받을 수 있다. 아울러 본 사업은 중복지원 방지를 위해 광역알뜰교통카드 마일리지 적립형 혹은 경기도 청소년 교통비 지원 포털 홈페이지 회원가입 시 입력한 교통카드 번호로만 지급받을 수 있으니 유의해야 한다. 보다 자세한 사항은 경기도 청소년 교통비 지원 포털 홈페이지 공지사항 게시판 참고 또는 콜센터 문의를 통해 확인할 수 있다.
AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is rapidly developing in Korea, and the Korean government is actively promoting AI research and development. The country has also produced many startups that specialize in developing AI technologies, which have attr
Korean Privacy Law
Korean Personal Information Protection Act: An Overview
The Korean Personal Information Protection Act, also known as the PIPA, is a law that governs the collection, use, and management of personal information in South Korea.
As a member of the OECD, the Republic of Korea has been working to align its data protection laws with international standards. The PIPA is one of the most advanced data protection laws in the world, designed to protect the privacy rights of individuals while promoting the use of online technologies.
In this article, we'll provide an overview of the PIPA, including its major provisions and how it impacts individuals and organizations alike.
What is the PIPA?
The PIPA is a comprehensive legislation that governs the collection, use, and handling of personal information in Korea. It was enacted in 2011 to replace the previous Data Protection Act and is applicable to all private and public entities who collect, use, and handle personal information in their business operations.
The PIPA defines personal information as any information that can identify a specific individual, including but not limited to name, address, phone number, email, national identification number, and online identifiers.
What are the key provisions of the PIPA?
Under the PIPA, personal information controllers are required to:
• Obtain explicit and informed consent from individuals before collecting and using their personal information.
• Use personal information only for specific purposes that are clearly communicated to individuals.
• Limit the amount and retention period of personal information to what is necessary to achieve the intended purposes.
• Implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect personal information from unauthorized access or disclosure.
• Provide individuals with access, correction, and deletion rights over their personal information.
• Obtain separate consent from individuals if they want to transfer their personal information to third parties or overseas.
• Notify individuals and relevant authorities in the event of personal information breaches, and take necessary remedial actions.
What are the implications of the PIPA for individuals?
The PIPA enhances the privacy rights of individuals in Korea by providing them with greater control over their personal information. Individuals have the right to:
• Be informed of the purposes, legal basis, and retention period of personal information collected by controllers.
• Withdraw their consent to the collection and use of their personal information at any time.
• Request access, correction, and deletion of their personal information held by controllers.
• Request suspension of the processing of their personal information if they believe it is being collected or used unlawfully.
• Lodge complaints with the Personal Information Protection Commission or seek legal remedies if their rights under the PIPA are violated.
What are the implications of the PIPA for organizations?
The PIPA imposes significant obligations and responsibilities on personal information controllers, including:
• Ensuring that all employees who handle personal information are properly trained and aware of their responsibilities under the PIPA.
• Conducting risk assessments and privacy impact assessments to identify and mitigate potential data privacy risks.
• Implementing appropriate technical and organizational measures to secure personal information and prevent data breaches.
• Appointing a personal information manager to oversee compliance with the PIPA and provide regular reports to the Commission.
• Regularly reviewing and updating their privacy policies and practices to ensure they comply with the PIPA and other relevant laws and regulations.
What are the penalties for non-compliance with the PIPA?
The PIPA imposes significant penalties on personal information controllers who fail to comply with its provisions. Violators may face:
• Administrative sanctions, such as fines up to KRW 3 billion (approximately $2.5 million) or suspension of personal information processing operations.
• Criminal sanctions, such as imprisonment or fines up to KRW 100 million (approximately $88,000) for serious violations.
• Civil liabilities, such as claims for damages from individuals whose personal rights have been violated.
Conclusion
The Korean Personal Information Protection Act is a comprehensive data protection law that provides individuals with greater control over their personal information while imposing significant obligations and responsibilities on personal information controllers. The PIPA has been recognized as one of the most advanced data protection laws in the world, reflecting Korea's commitment to data privacy and digital innovation. For individuals and organizations operating in Korea, it is crucial to understand the provisions and requirements of the PIPA to ensure compliance and protect personal information from cyber threats and misuse.
"Customizing the Future: How Google's AI Services Balances Personalization with Privacy Concerns"
"Customizing the Future: How Google's AI Services Balances Personalization with Privacy Concerns"
Google, one of the leading tech companies in the world, has been at the forefront of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for personalization and customization of its services. From personalized search results to customized recommendations on YouTube, Google's AI-powered services have greatly enhanced the user experience. However, as with any company utilizing AI for personalization, Google has had to navigate concerns about privacy and transparency.
One of the main ways Google uses AI for customization is through profiling, which involves collecting data on users' preferences, behavior, and demographics. This data is then analyzed by algorithms and machine learning models to create personalized search results, advertisements, and even products.
However, the French data protection authority (CNIL) has raised concerns about Google's data collection and processing practices, stating that the company does not have a valid legal basis for the vast majority of its processing operations.
Google has also faced criticism for its lack of transparency in how it collects and uses user data. In response, the company has made efforts to improve transparency, such as providing more detailed explanations of its data collection practices in its privacy policy. Google has also implemented a feature called "Why this ad?" which allows users to see why a particular ad was shown to them and to control the ads they see.
In addition, Google has also implemented a feature called "My Account" which allows users to manage their privacy settings and control the data that is collected about them. Users can also access and download their data, or request that their data be deleted.
However, despite these efforts, concerns about privacy and transparency remain. Google's data collection and processing practices are still subject to ongoing investigations and regulatory scrutiny.
Google is also investing in Explainable AI (XAI) to increase the transparency of its AI systems. XAI provides an explanation for the predictions, decisions or actions that an AI system takes, so that users can understand how the AI system arrived at its conclusions.
In conclusion, Google's AI-powered services have greatly enhanced the user experience by providing personalized and customized experiences. However, the company has had to navigate concerns about privacy and transparency. Google has made efforts to improve transparency and provide users with more control over their data, but concerns still remain. As AI continues to evolve and become an integral part of our lives, it is crucial that companies prioritize transparency and privacy, and comply with regulations such as GDPR and WP29 guidelines. Investing in Explainable AI is also a good step to increase the transparency of the AI systems.
GOOGLE AI
"Customizing the Future: How Google's AI Services Balances Personalization with Privacy Concerns"
Google, one of the leading tech companies in the world, has been at the forefront of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for personalization and customization of its services. From personalized search results to customized recommendations on YouTube, Google's AI-powered services have greatly enhanced the user experience. However, as with any company utilizing AI for personalization, Google has had to navigate concerns about privacy and transparency.
One of the main ways Google uses AI for customization is through profiling, which involves collecting data on users' preferences, behavior, and demographics. This data is then analyzed by algorithms and machine learning models to create personalized search results, advertisements, and even products.
However, the French data protection authority (CNIL) has raised concerns about Google's data collection and processing practices, stating that the company does not have a valid legal basis for the vast majority of its processing operations.
Google has also faced criticism for its lack of transparency in how it collects and uses user data. In response, the company has made efforts to improve transparency, such as providing more detailed explanations of its data collection practices in its privacy policy. Google has also implemented a feature called "Why this ad?" which allows users to see why a particular ad was shown to them and to control the ads they see.
In addition, Google has also implemented a feature called "My Account" which allows users to manage their privacy settings and control the data that is collected about them. Users can also access and download their data, or request that their data be deleted.
However, despite these efforts, concerns about privacy and transparency remain. Google's data collection and processing practices are still subject to ongoing investigations and regulatory scrutiny.
Google is also investing in Explainable AI (XAI) to increase the transparency of its AI systems. XAI provides an explanation for the predictions, decisions or actions that an AI system takes, so that users can understand how the AI system arrived at its conclusions.
In conclusion, Google's AI-powered services have greatly enhanced the user experience by providing personalized and customized experiences. However, the company has had to navigate concerns about privacy and transparency. Google has made efforts to improve transparency and provide users with more control over their data, but concerns still remain. As AI continues to evolve and become an integral part of our lives, it is crucial that companies prioritize transparency and privacy, and comply with regulations such as GDPR and WP29 guidelines. Investing in Explainable AI is also a good step to increase the transparency of the AI systems.
AI CUSTOMIZATION SERVICE
One important aspect to consider when discussing the use of AI in customized services and privacy concerns is the concept of bias in AI systems. As AI systems are trained on large amounts of data, they can inadvertently learn and perpetuate biases present in the data. This can lead to unfair and discriminatory outcomes for certain groups of people. For example, a job recruiting AI system that is trained on resumes of mostly male applicants may inadvertently discriminate against female applicants. It is crucial for companies to recognize and address potential biases in their AI systems to ensure fair and equitable outcomes for all customers.
Another important aspect to consider is the ethical implications of using AI for customization and personalization. As AI systems become more advanced and are able to make increasingly complex decisions, it is important to consider the ethical implications of these decisions. For example, an AI system that recommends products to customers based on their browsing history may inadvertently encourage impulse buying or overconsumption. It is crucial for companies to consider the ethical implications of their AI systems and to design them in a way that promotes responsible and sustainable behavior.
In addition, there is also the concern of data security and the potential for data breaches when using AI for customization and personalization. As companies collect and store large amounts of customer data, they become a target for cyber-attacks. It is crucial for companies to implement robust security measures to protect customer data from unauthorized access, and to have a clear plan in place to respond to a data breach.
Furthermore, the use of AI for customization and personalization also raises questions about the long-term implications for society. As AI systems become more advanced and are able to make increasingly complex decisions, there is a concern that they may eventually replace human decision-making altogether. This could lead to a loss of jobs and a decrease in human agency. It is crucial for society to consider the long-term implications of AI and to ensure that its development is guided by ethical principles and promotes the well-being of all.
In conclusion, the use of AI for customization and personalization has the potential to greatly enhance the customer experience, but it is important to consider the potential privacy and transparency concerns, bias, ethical implications, security and long-term implications. As AI continues to evolve and become an integral part of our lives, it is crucial that we remain vigilant about protecting our personal information, ensuring fair and equitable outcomes for all, and promoting ethical and sustainable behavior. Companies must prioritize transparency, privacy, and compliance with regulations, while also considering the ethical implications of their AI systems and ensuring they are secure. Society as a whole must consider the long-term implications of AI and ensure that its development is guided by ethical principles that promote the well-being of all.
Privacy and Data Security
Privacy and Data Security: The Importance of Strong Measures
In today's digital age, personal information and data is constantly being collected, stored, and shared. From online shopping to social media, we willingly provide our personal information in exchange for convenience and personalized experiences. However, as the amount of personal information shared through the internet increases, the importance of security and privacy cannot be stressed enough. In this article, we will explore the relationship between security and privacy and why strong security measures are essential for protecting personal information.
What is Security?
Security refers to the protection of information, systems, and assets to ensure that they are only available to authorized users or organizations. This is achieved through measures such as encryption, access controls, firewalls, and network security. The goal of security is to ensure that only those with the appropriate permissions can access sensitive information and systems.
What is Privacy?
Privacy refers to an individual's right to control their personal information and data and the protection of that information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. This is achieved through measures such as data minimization, de-identification, and anonymization. The goal of privacy is to allow individuals to control their personal information and protect it from unauthorized access or use.
The Relationship between Security and Privacy
Security and privacy are closely related. Security measures are often used to protect privacy. Without strong security measures, personal information and data is vulnerable to unauthorized access, use, and disclosure, which can compromise an individual's privacy. Therefore, strong security measures are essential for protecting personal information and maintaining privacy.
The Impact of Data Breaches
The importance of strong security measures is highlighted by the increasing number of data breaches that occur each year. Some major examples include:
- Google+ data breach: In 2018, Google revealed that a bug had exposed the account information of millions of users.
- Yahoo data breaches: In 2013 and 2014, data breaches affected 3 billion Yahoo user accounts.
- Marriott data breach: In 2018, a data breach exposed the personal information of over 5 million customers.
These examples demonstrate that a lack of security measures can have severe consequences and result in the compromise of personal information. It is important for companies and organizations to take a proactive approach to security and privacy in order to protect personal information and maintain trust with customers and clients.
Conclusion
Security and privacy are closely related concepts, and strong security measures are essential for protecting personal information and maintaining individuals' right to privacy. The increasing number of data breaches that occur each year highlights the importance of ongoing efforts to review and update security measures in order to ensure the protection of personal information. Encryption, access controls, firewalls, and network security are just a few examples of security measures that can be implemented to protect personal information. Additionally, data minimization, de-identification, and anonymization can be used to further protect the privacy of individuals. It is important for companies and organizations to take a proactive approach to security and privacy in order to protect personal information and maintain trust with customers and clients.
Examples of Data Breaches and their Impact
Examples of Data Breaches and their Impact
The importance of strong security measures is highlighted by the increasing number of data breaches that occur each year. Some high-profile examples include:
- The Google+ data leak: In 2018, Google announced that a data leak had exposed the personal information of hundreds of thousands of users. The leak was caused by a bug in the Google+ platform and resulted in the personal information of users, such as email addresses, occupation, and age, being exposed.
- The Yahoo data breaches: In 2013 and 2014, Yahoo announced that data breaches had occurred, resulting in the personal information of all 3 billion of its users being exposed. This included information such as email addresses, telephone numbers, and dates of birth.
- The Marriott data breach: In 2018, Marriott announced that a data breach had occurred, resulting in the personal information of over 500 million guests being exposed. This included information such as names, addresses, phone numbers, and passport numbers.
These incidents illustrate the potential consequences of insufficient security measures and the importance of protecting personal information and data. The damage to company reputation, loss of customer trust, and legal and financial consequences can be significant.
Examples of Security Measures
- Encryption: Encryption is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext, making it unreadable to unauthorized individuals. This is often used to protect sensitive information, such as credit card numbers or personal identification numbers (PINs).
- Access controls: Access controls are used to limit who has access to sensitive information and systems. This includes measures such as passwords, biometric authentication, and security tokens.
- Firewalls: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules and policies.
- Network security: Network security refers to the protection of a computer network from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. This includes measures such as intrusion detection systems, virtual private networks (VPNs), and network
- Data minimization: Data minimization refers to the practice of only collecting, storing, and using the minimum amount of personal information necessary to achieve a specific purpose. This helps to reduce the amount of personal information that is at risk in the event of a data breach.
- De-identification: De-identification is the process of removing personal identifiers, such as names and addresses, from personal information in order to protect privacy. This is often used in research and analytics to protect the privacy of individuals while still allowing for useful insights to be gained.
- Anonymization: Anonymization is the process of making personal information untraceable, so that it cannot be linked back to a specific individual. This is often used in the release of datasets for research or other purposes, in order to protect the privacy of individuals while still allowing for useful insights to be gained.
Conclusion
Security and privacy are closely related concepts, and strong security measures are essential for protecting personal information and maintaining individuals' right to privacy. The increasing number of data breaches that occur each year highlights the importance of ongoing efforts to review and update security measures in order to ensure the protection of personal information. Encryption, access controls, firewalls, and network security are just a few examples of security measures that can be implemented to protect personal information. Additionally, data minimization, de-identification, and anonymization can be used to further protect the privacy of individuals. It is important for companies and organizations to take a proactive approach to security and privacy in order to protect personal information and maintain trust with customers and clients.
Why Strong Security Measures are Essential for Protecting Personal Information
Security and Privacy: Why Strong Security Measures are Essential for Protecting Personal Information
In today's digital age, personal information and data are constantly being collected, stored, and shared. From online shopping to social media, we willingly give away our personal information in exchange for convenience and personalized experiences. However, with the increasing amount of personal information being shared online, the importance of security and privacy cannot be overstated. In this article, we will explore the relationship between security and privacy and why strong security measures are essential for protecting personal information.
What is Security?
Security refers to the protection of information, systems, and assets against unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. This includes measures such as encryption, access controls, firewalls, and network security. The goal of security is to ensure that only authorized individuals or entities have access to sensitive information and systems.
What is Privacy?
Privacy refers to the right of individuals to control their personal information and data, and the protection of that information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. This includes measures such as data minimization, de-identification, and anonymization. The goal of privacy is to give individuals control over their personal information and protect it from unauthorized access or use.
The Relationship between Security and Privacy
Security and privacy are closely related concepts, as security measures are often put in place to protect privacy. Without proper security measures, personal information and data can be vulnerable to unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. This can lead to a loss of privacy and potential harm to individuals. Therefore, it is important to implement strong security measures to ensure the protection of personal information and maintain individuals' right to privacy.
GDPR AI
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a regulation implemented in the European Union (EU) to protect the privacy and personal data of EU citizens. It gives EU citizens more control over their personal data and how it is used. In relation to AI, GDPR applies to any organization that processes personal data, including those that use AI systems.
There have been a number of court cases related to GDPR and AI, as organizations struggle to comply with the regulation. Some examples of GDPR and AI court cases include:
- In 2019, a German social media company was fined €20,000 ($22,000) for failing to appoint a data protection officer and for not properly securing the personal data of its users.
- In 2020, a French technology company was fined €50 million ($57 million) for failing to properly obtain user consent for targeted advertising.
- In 2020, a British company was fined £18.4 million ($24 million) for failing to protect the personal data of its users during a data breach.
- In 2021, a Spanish company was fined €30,000 ($34,000) for failing to appoint a data protection officer and for not properly securing the personal data of its users.
These cases demonstrate the importance of organizations to comply with GDPR when using AI systems and processing personal data. It is crucial or organizations to take the necessary steps to protect personal data and to ensure compliance with GDPR when using AI systems. This includes appointing a data protection officer, obtaining user consent, and implementing proper security measures to prevent data breaches.
It is also important for organizations to regularly review and update their data protection policies and procedures to ensure compliance with GDPR. Organizations should also be aware that non-compliance with GDPR can result in significant fines, as well as damage to their reputation.
Moreover, organizations should also consider ethical and societal implications of their AI systems, especially when it comes to sensitive personal data like medical or financial information. They should also have a robust governance framework in place to make sure that the AI systems they use aligns with their ethical principles and is not harmful to the society.
In conclusion, GDPR and AI court cases demonstrate the importance of organizations to comply with GDPR when using AI systems and processing personal data. It is crucial for organizations to take the necessary steps to protect personal data and to ensure compliance with GDPR to avoid significant fines and reputational damage.